Both Protestants and some Catholics misinterpret what this means and where this teaching comes from.
The phrase “No salvation outside the Catholic Church” comes from Cyprian of Carthage (a third-century Bishop and Christian Martyr). He was writing about the validity of Baptism administered by heretics (some who did not have a proper understanding of Jesus’ divinity).
So what do Catholic Christians believe? As was affirmed by the Early Church Councils and stated in Sacred Scripture, We believe in one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins & to receive the gift of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:38).
We recognize most Christian Baptisms as being valid.
So, say you were Baptized in a Protestant Church who has a proper understanding of the Holy Trinity and of Jesus’ divinity, uses the proper formula (Father, Son & Holy Ghost), and proper matter (water, not Dr. Pepper), then you are a member of Christ’s body.
But, say you were Baptized in the LDS Church, you would need to be validly Baptized, because they have a heretical view of the Trinity, even though they use the proper formula (Father, Son & Holy Ghost) and proper matter (water, not Dr. Pepper : )
In another letter, Cyprian is addressing unity amongst Christians (like St. Paul in 1 Corinthians 1:10) & he draws a parallel between the waters of the Flood and the waters of Baptism (as does St. Peter in 1 Peter 3:20-21). Cyprian sees Noah’s Ark as a symbol of the Church.
If you were not in the boat, you were not saved. If you are not a member of Christ’s body, then you may not be saved. This is where “No Salvation Outside the Church” comes from. If you are validly Baptized and have faith, then you are in the boat. Make sense?
The difference between some Christians and Christians who hold to the Apostolic faith is that we believe that we truly become members of Christ’s mystical body when we are Baptized. We believe that Christ is truly freeing us from sin and making us spiritually clean.
Baptism is like a Wedding (vows are exchanged). More and more individuals today view Marriage as a man-made institution and not necessary. Most Christians rightfully believe Marriage was instituted by God. God’s first Covenant with man was in the context of Marriage (Adam & Eve).
Jesus compares His relationship with the church as that of a Husband & Wife. You can love someone without getting Married. You can love Jesus without getting Baptized, but Jesus offers us a deeper relationship with Him.
Can you love and talk to someone outside of being Married to them? Yes. Can you encounter Christ and love Him and not get Baptized? Sure. Is this what God had intended? For man to be alone, jus He and God? The beginning of the Bible tells us this isn’t God’s plan.
Can you yell from one boat to somebody in another boat? If they are close enough. If their boat is so far from the original boat that Christ built, then probably harder to understand one another.
The Catholic Church teaches that anyone, through no fault of their own, may be saved, even though they may not have received Christ fully. Can God make exceptions? Yes. Does God make exceptions? Yes.
The Thief on the cross is a perfect example of someone who encountered Christ, and was (presumably) not Baptized. And yet, Jesus tells this man that He will be saved. So can and does God make exceptions? We know He does.
Sometimes Catholic Christians get slammed for saying that God can even save individuals who have never heard of Jesus, but this is what we believe. We are not God. God is God. We are not to be the judge of who is saved and who is not saved. We leave the judging of souls up to Him.
Hope this helps : )
