Genesis 1: Questions for Apologetics

Apologetics
1

It recently occurred to me that, even if I were to express doubt in the existence of the Catholic interpretation of God, I would be doing so without the knowledge or understanding of any scripture. I’ve never read through the Bible. Not a single verse, which makes me uneducated by definition and at worst, ignorant, depending on how I choose to communicate with those who believe.

So I’ve decided to read through the Bible. I don’t know for how long I’ll do it. I don’t know if these threads will last on this website. But I hope that by at least explaining my mindset while going about this task, that’ll provide an idea of the value I’m hoping to add.

This is what I determined would be my best mindset will reading through the Bible for the first time:

God exists. God does not exist. I want to identify which is more likely to be true. In order to do that, I will study the Bible with an unbiased mind. The preconception that the Bible is untrue does not benefit me. Likewise, the preconception that the Bible is true does not benefit me either. I will do my best to question and not assume, to study and not assert.

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  1. Was there a time when God did not exist?
  2. Was God created?
  3. Why did God create the Heavens and the earth?
  4. The Bible doesn’t yet specify if God created the cosmos. Am I to assume that “the Heavens” means the extended scope of reality itself? If so, why is that an accurate assumption? And if not, is it safe to assume that another agent created everything else? Could there be more than one god? And if not, why is it more accurate to say that there is only one god?
  5. If God created the Heavens and the earth, then God can manipulate the laws of physics according to its will on an unfathomable scale. How powerful is God, and is there a limit to its abilities? Are there things that God cannot do?
  6. When the earth was dark, the spirit of God is described to hover over the waters of the planet. What does God look like? If God is uberpowerful on a metaphysical level, then can God look like or become anything?
  7. In verse 26, God said, “Let us make mankind in OUR image, in OUR likeness, so that they may (rule over all creatures on earth).” But verse 27 then states, “So God created mankind in HIS own image, in the image of GOD he created them, male and female he created them.”

Why is God described as masculine, despite both male and female having been listed as his image? And if it’s possible for God to be anything, then why must God be a “he”?

In verse 26, God seemed to be speaking to others, possibly other uberpowerful agents? Does that lend any weight to the idea that there could be more than one god? And if so, why did God choose to make mankind in his image alone?

  1. Verse 28 says, “God blessed his creatures and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and increase in number. Fill the earth and subdue it.’”

Why didn’t God simply make that happen? Couldn’t God have made the earth full of men, women, and children and given them perpetually peaceful lives that naturally received the obedience of all creatures?

To choose to wait for a situation to reach a result, and to passively watch it unfold on top of that, implies that God wanted to observe his creations either to gather information, as a form of entertainment, or a combination of both. If either scenario is likely, then it’s possible that God originally created mankind without a care for their best interest, or at least their best interests were not paramount.

The Bible does not yet mention if God is all-knowing. If that’s possible, then it’s also possible that God knows the conclusion of mankind’s conquests on earth will benefit them. However, human history thus far is rife with cases of catastrophe and atrocity. If God is uberpowerful, then why not spare his creations such suffering and build a reality of goodwill and prosperity? How could the incredible suffering of a maker’s creations be anything other than that maker conducting an experiment, being entertained, or both?

Willingly conducting some form of uncontrolled experiment, test, study, or whatever you’d like to call it, or simply watching events unfold from afar separates a maker from the safety of his creations. Their well-being is not most important to him. Why would God make the decision to not only cause his creations to suffer, but also watch them suffer? The Bible says that God blessed his first man and woman. Is it a blessing to cause one’s creations, and the descendants of those creations, to repeatedly experience unspeakable torment?

If God is uberpowerful, then what could possibly be the justifiable point of all their unnecessary agony?

2

I think this is great! My advice is not to start in Genesis and read from the beginning to the end, as you would a regular book. Rather, I recommend reading the Gospel of John, The Acts of the Apostles, the other Gospels & the Epistles first and then go back and read Genesis, Isaiah, and the other Narrative Old Testament Books.

If you ever come across a verse that you find puzzling, Catena is a great app where you can click on any verse and see how the Early Church Fathers understood it. I have found this very helpful.

Another cool tool is the Big Green Catechism. You can look ups the verse in the back of the index and see all the places where that verse is referenced in the Catechism.

I also like that you are going into it with questions for God.

I recently heard an interview with a man who read the Bible cover-to-cover prior to his conversion and then re-read it with the eyes of faith after his conversion and he described it as unlocking an entire different book. The words were the same, but his understanding and the meaning had depth and beauty.

3

Read the first chapter of the Gospel of John for a clue into who the “Our” is. And when you understand the Holy Trinity, then you will see why the image is in the singular name. Same for when Jesus tells His Appostles to Baptize in the Name (singular) of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost (though three persons, One God).

I am enjoying reading your honest questions as you continue reading.

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4

Thanks. I’ll be reading it cover to cover because I’m simply intrigued how things will unfold that way. I understand and accept that many of my questions will be answered in due time, but I want to record what I’m thinking upon first reading the book’s verses. Also, I’m going to not use any tools that will fill my head with ways on how to interpret the Bible from others perspectives. I don’t want the idea that there’s a wrong or right way to read and interpret the Bible to be reinforced in my mind. I don’t think that now, and I want to continue thinking that as I read along. By all means, if anyone answers my questions with their own beliefs in the comments, that will be interesting, but that’s the extent to which I want different viewpoints presented to me. I’ve come to learn in a very short time that people interpret the Bible in a plethora of ways. I want them to be introduced to me organically. However, I want to stress that I’m honestly not sure for how long I’ll be doing this. I may stop reading the Bible tomorrow for whatever reason and you’ll never see another post like this from me. I’ll just enjoy the journey while it lasts. Knowledge, in all its forms, is a wonderful thing to gather.

5

I know I’ve said this once, but I’ll say it again, I think we should just be open-minded. Cause there might come a day where we find out that God is real, and if that happens, I wonder if that would completely shatter the Atheist worldview. Or, vice-versa, maybe one day huemanity will find out that God doesn’t exist and I wonder if that would shatter the Theist worldview.

My advice? Remain neutral. If a Theist and Atheist alike are being honest, they will tell you that they don’t have enough evidence to prove or disprove the existence of a God. At least, empirical evidence. I mean, personally I believe that there is a God, but I’m open to being wrong too. Maybe there really is a scientific explanation as to how the Universe came into existence. I don’t know. All I know is, I will remain open-minded to any and all possibilities. We live in a Free Will Universe, and in a Free Will Universe, the possibilities are endless. So, I’m just going to remain open to all possibilities and not credit nor discredit anything.

The thing of it is, the truth can remain hidden, but it can only remain hidden for a time. Eventually truth will have to surface one way or another. I’m fine if God does/doesn’t exist, it’s not going to shatter my worldview at all. When you’re open-minded, nothing remains a mystery and everything has an explanation, and sometimes the explanation isn’t set in stone. Sometimes the answer requires you to think outside of the boundaries of your worldview, and that’s a step that most people won’t take, based on fear. Be fearless, cause fear is a gateway to all sorts of bad things. To live fearlessly is to not only call back your power, but to protect it as well. Be a lion, not a lamb. Carpe dium, cease the day!

6

I believe that it’s generally accepted by the Catholic Church that Genesis can be interpreted as myth and allegory up until Chapter 11’s lineage of Abraham. That makes sense to me as I can’t see how Sola Scriptura believers can possibly take a position that Chapters 1-10, including the Tower of Babel in the beginning of Chapter 11 happened as written. If it was literal, then God sets up Adam & Eve as completely naive Patsies and the Human Race would likely be exonerated from Original Sin if the case was tried in a court of law and based purely on what transpired in Eden.

7

I personally believe that these stories weren’t actually real, rather they play on different archetypes on the human psyche. Like for example, I don’t actually believe that huemans were building a tower that was going to reach the Heavens. I think personally the Tower of Babel story was simply an illustration of what we are capable of doing when the hueman race realizes that we are all one, and that when we recognize God within ourselves and within others, there’s nothing that is impossible. And think about it, if we’re building a tower that’s supposed to reach the Heaven’s, that requires a lot of manual labor, and a lot of workers.

This is going to sound heretical, because Catholics and Christians in particular are not really fond of Gnosticism. So, I know I’m going to get some pushback here, but I find the Gnostic view to be kind of revolutionary. You see, the Holy Bible most people have in their homes talk about God and how God has punished huemanity throughout the ages. What’s so odd to me is God has this obsession with wiping people out. It was one of those things that when I was Catholic, I always wondered why people consider what this God is doing to us, his very Creation, is somehow good? But if you look at this through a Gnostic lense, it actually makes a lot of sense. You see, huemanity really is not dumb, in fact God doesn’t give huemanity enough credit, because the basic theme of the Gnostic view of the Old Testament is that, at certain points huemanity was ready to evolve and to think beyond a linear scope. Like for example, when God flooded the Earth, the traditional view was that there was so much evil going on on Earth, that God basically reset civilization and Noah and his family would be the ones to restart the hueman race. But in the Gnostic view, the God of this world (which would be Satan) was trying to get huemans to remain ignorant. And whenever huemanity was getting to a point as a collective where they were about to evolve body, soul, and mind, the God of this world felt threatened. So what does this God do? Let’s flood the Earth and reset civilization. Basically, the Gnostic view of the OT is that, there’s this God who wants to be worshipped and recognized as the one and only God. But everytime huemanity was getting to a point where they were able to spiritually evolve and see everything for what it really was, because the God of this world felt threatened, he would obliterate entire towns, and he would make groups of huemans speak in different languages and cause all sorts of chaos and confusion. Because the truth of the matter was, the God of the OT recognized that there was a God that was higher than him, and the God of this world didn’t want anyone (especially huemans) to know that there was a more powerful entity than him. This is why the God of OT says he’s a jealous God. Well yeah…he’s going to be a jealous God because his power is nothing compared to the real deal. Gnostics consider the true Source of all that is Good to be “The One.”

However, if you are Catholic, you should not follow this line of thinking. According to Catholicism, Gnosticism is a heretical belief system

The Bible was not necessarily made to be read and innerstood verbatim what it teaches. The Bible is coded, it’s all coded, it has to be coded. Because if people were to take The Bible as to what it says verbatim, then of course it’s going to sound like some fairytale. It’s up to us, with the help of God, to decode what The Bible actually is. Even Jesus spoke in code all the time. Parables are is just a fancy word for code. Jesus actually revealed a lot to certain apostles, and ESPECIALLY to Mary Magdalene. In fact, Mary Magdalene holds the keys to Heaven, and it’s through her innerstanding of the world that would lead people to the real truth, cause Jesus really loved Mary.

However, again, this is heretical information and if you’re a Catholic, you should do your own due diligence when it comes to all matters Spiritually. I’m simply bringing up an alternative viewpoint to get people to recognize that you’re not bound to just one idea or one path. And just because most people find something to be heretical, doesn’t mean that the information contained is actually heretical. However, I’ll just stop there.

I just want you all to realize that, this is against Catholic teaching and because you value this religion, it’s best to take what I say with a grain of salt. I’m simply just challenging people to think a different way. But this information is heretical.

8

The problem is that the Bible is a book of the Church. The Apostles were the first Bishops of the Church and they had successors, given the authority by Jesus to interpret and to preserve the Holy Scriptures.

Jesus did not hand out Bibles. It was never meant to be read on it’s own. That is how we ended up with a million different denominations of Christianity.

St. Augustine talked about how the New Testament is hidden in the Old and the Old Testament is reveeled in the New.

Context matters. I am not trying to dissuade you from reading the Bible at all. Most who try to read the Bible from Cover-to-Cover (starting in the beginning and reading straight through) end up giving up around Leviticus.

But, if you read the New Testament first and then read the Narrative Books of the Old Testament, fallowed by the other Books in the Old, then it will make more sense and you will actually enjoy it more too.

Again, this is your project, so you can do it however you like, but the Bible was never meant to be read in that way.

When Luther read things in the Bible that he didn’t like, he moved several books to the back of the Bible.

This also brings me to another question. Are you reading from a Catholic/Orthodox Bible or a Protestant Bible? The reason that I ask is because the Catholic and Orthodox Bibles contain the Deuterocanonical Books of the Bible (though Catholic Christians and Eastern Orthodox number them slightly differently). So the Protestant Bibles have fewer books in the Old Testament.

10

It’s curious to me that Jesus, who I’m assuming is also God, or at least an important aspect of God in the Catholic faith, would give an imperfect and often self-serving creature the authority to interpret something he himself could make crystal clear. We’re spectacular at coming to all sorts of conclusions about things, especially when such things show clear signs of ambiguity. Why wouldn’t God just tell humanity exactly what the scriptures mean and why he wants them to be followed? It doesn’t make sense to leave that to humans.

It’s also interesting that you’re essentially telling me to read and understand the Bible a specific way, when that shouldn’t necessarily be a pathway to its validity. The Bible, as it is without human intervention in the form of perspective, should be self-evident in its status as something that can show the legitimacy of the claim of God’s existence, shouldn’t it?

But I’ll ignore all that for now.

All I want to do is read the Bible and evaluate it from as open-minded and unbiased a lens as possible. I don’t really want to come to conclusions as much as I simply want to wonder and ask questions, regardless of whether they prove to be or not be relevant.

I will say that I was genuinely shocked to learn that there were so many versions of the Bible. That as well doesn’t make a lot of sense, but I won’t go down that rabbit hole. Again, I just want to read and think lol. But to answer your question, I was reading the New International Version. However, I looked it up and apparently that’s not a good translation for understanding the Catholic faith. So from this moment on, I’ll be transitioning to the Revised Standard Version: Catholic Edition. And I’m glad I’m doing so before getting in too deep!

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11

You ar a person who thinks. This is not common for Catholics. They are more inclined to embrace the church dogma, as it has been established for hundreds of years, by having meetings and discussions on various issues, and giving us: “The teachings of Jesus, according to the Catholic Church.” There are literally hundreds of Christian groups on the planet. And each one tweaks the philosophy of Christianity in their own way, based on the New Testament, which was spoken in the Aramaic language by Jesus, then translated into Greek and then Latin, and then English. Then there is the dynamic of church and state. The Romans couldn’t control the public after Jesus departed from the planet. Then the Roman government made the teachings of Jesus the state religion. This is a good strategy: “O.K., you want to follow Jesus? We represent Jesus. Now we will tell you what Jesus is teaching about, A,B, and C.” The world works this way.

You have to decide for yourself whether God exists or does not exist. If God does not exist, then our entire conception of morality is simply utilitarian. If God does not exist, there is no reason to be good or bad. Then we can have wars, engage in imperialism, in slavery, in exploitation, in killing millions of animals and chickens every day by cutting their throats in assembly lines, so that we can make lots of money. If God exists, then we have to understand what He wants of us, how He wants us to live, and what He describes as the goal of human life.

1& 2.) If God is eternal, never was there a time that He did not exist. This also applies to the individual spirit soul. It is eternal, without beginning and end. But now the eternal soul lives within a material form made of mud and water. It lasts about 100 years in some cases, and then becomes one of three things: 1. burnt, it becomes ashes; 2. eaten by worms, it becomes earth again; 3. eaten by animals, it becomes stool, animal poop. The first principle of spiritual life is, “We are not these material bodies; we are eternal spirit souls.” The material body is an inconvenience, a punishment for turning our back on the Garden of Eden (which is actually the spiritual realm; there is no Garden of Eden on this planet.) Spirit lives very well without a material body; but a material body immediately begins to decay without the presence of spirit."

3.) God creates the material world for rebellious souls. Every city has a prison house. Not because the city planners want to be cruel. But because they know there will be citizens who will not live according to their constitutional position. In the same way, every spirit soul has free will. God wants our love. He needs nothing from us; but He enjoys our love. But, as the Bible says, there was Adam and Eve. Adam and Eve are given as an example of our misuse of free will. Therefore the material world is created. It is for our rehabilitation. If we behave nicely, good comes to us. And if we behave badly, misfortune comes to us. That’s why scriptures give us rules to follow. But good behavior or bad behavior, no one reaches the Kingdom of God, unless and until their hearts are filled with spontaneous feelings of love for God. Spontaneous. This is very rare in this world. We are hard core prisoners. In every religion, those who come to this level of love of God are generally persecuted…by the people of their own religion. This has also happened to some saints in the Catholic Church.
4.) This question is too complex. “God” means there is only one. Some call Him Allah. Some call Him Jehovah. Some call Him Krishna. But God is the Absolute Source from which all manifestation comes into being. If there were two, they would not be God. On this planet, in the material creation, everyone wants to be God, in their own way, as far as possible. The Vedic definition of God is that “If some one is in possession of 6 opulences: wealth, power, intelligence, beauty, fame, and renunciation…all simultaneously, to an unlimited degree, that is God.”

5.). God creates simply by sound. When God says, “Let there be light.”, light exists. God can do anything he wishes. All of the forest fires, the plagues, the tsunamis, the tidal waves, the earth quakes, the tornados, the earth quakes…God is in complete control. These are wake-up calls to the human race. In the Bible, all the ancient civilizations that kept God’s commandments, prospered. And whenever the civilization became degraded, all misfortune came upon them. These are wake-up calls. Wars are also part of God’s rehabilitation system. When we become too sinful…full scale war balances the books.
6) The Catholic founders of the Church have decided (amongst themselves) that God is formless. In spite of what the bible says the church say he has no “crown”, and no “throne.” The Bible says that in the spiritual dimension, God is worshipped by the heavenly host. And Jesus says, “Our Father who art in heaven.” But Catholics have decided against this. They consider God to be an impersonal force of some kind. In the Vedic scriptures, God’s appearance is described in detail. Therein it is said that the only reason that we have form, and emotions, and creativity, is because these qualities exist in God as the Source. Therefore the Bible says that man is created in the image of God, but the Catholic Church rejects this idea.

7). We have dealt with this in #6. The Catholic Church has rejected this idea. This is what men do. They use their own discretion, and keep what they like in the Bible , and discard what they don’t like. And yes, God also has a female eternal companion. This is described in the Vedic literature, and other scriptures as well. She is the personification of devotion to God, and we pray to Her to be blessed with love of God.

8.) The word “subdue” has to be looked up in the various languages in which the Bible was written. A more relevant interpretation is “husbandry”, which is very different from “exploitation.” It means being a care-taker. It is a responsibility. God gives us laws by which we are to live. Then we have choice. “Choice”, means we have responsibility. If we have no choice, then our love is not love for him; it becomes robotic. God doesn’t want robots. He wants us to live for His pleasure …out of feelings of love. One who truly loves God, feels this love within his heart, such a person feels that there is no greater thing to be gained. But hardly a one in organized religion has this experience. They are mostly simply official church “members”.

You have a lot of Questions. This is not encouraged by the church. They want you to embrace their interpretations, hook, without questioning.

God does not cause us to suffer. We are responsible for our suffering. God invites us to come to heaven and live with Him eternally, where there is no old age, no disease, no death. But the price is that we have to love Him to the extent that the things of this world become insignificant to us, because we have becomeintoxicated with love of God. Psalm 23 says, “My cup runneth over.” In other words, the happiness of one who has love of God, alive within his heart, is beyond our ability to comprehend.
We have been placed in the material dimension for our redemption. Everyone on the earth planet is a sinner, from birth, a self-centered creature who is forgetful of his relationship with God. Those who love God abide with Him eternally, in the spiritual realm. The material world is a prison, a reform school. The suffering we experience is to cause us to enquirer as to what is the solution. The answer to that inquiry is “Love of God”. That is the ticket that takes out of the repetitive cycle of birth and death in the material world. But very few want it. In other words, they choose their suffering condition. Religious people, in general, want God to make their lives in the material realm pleasant. God doesn’t want us to suffer; but we choose it. We like it here. We are trying to make life in the material world “nice”. It is not meant to be nice. It is meant to change our orientation. When God put Adam and Eve out of the “Garden”, He said, “Now you will maintain your selves by the seat of your brow.” It is all for our re-education. Why? Because He loves us. He could have finished us, because we are rebels. But instead, he created the material realm for our redemption. And He sends His representatives, His sons, to tell about our real self-interest. But we usually kill them. Still God keeps trying to help us (prodigal sons) to return home. Because in spite of our rebellious sinful natures, His love for us is causeless, inconceivable.

12

Just playing “Devil’s Advocate”, but I think the Catholic Church’s position/response would be that God did give humans a clear interpretation of Bible through The Magisterium and guided by the Holy Spirit? That’s why Catholics believe that the “Unforgivable Sin” Jesus mentions but does not give clarification about, is rejecting God at the time of a person’s death. That’s a Magisterial deduction (ie deducement).

13

It’s important to understand that while God is outside of time, salvation history includes God incarnate as man who is the WORD, before that word was written in any language. Therefore God did “explain” the Bible by His Words and teachings while incarnate as man. He also appointed Peter as His successor on earth and leader of His Church (Catholic Church) to promulgate His teaching and promised that, though just a fallible man, He would protect Peter from teaching error. This is why the protestant notion of sola scriptura (only scripture) fails so miserably and results in a thousand spilts in the Body of Christ (the Church of believers). The Bible is divinely inspired, written by men and needing interpretation in the light of the Holy Spirit by Jesus’ appointed successors on earth. This is also why reading cover to cover is not as helpful a method of lectio divina as one may hope. I did try it as a child, but got stuck not on Leviticus but on Numbers (then he knew his wife and had this many sons, on and on and on…)

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14

Scientific proof of God, immortal un-reincarnatable soul, Heaven, hell, and the most true religion.

http://www.catholic365.com/article/44122/scientific-proof-of-god-immortal-soul-unique-ensoulment-no-reencarnation-heaven-hell-and-of-which-one-is-the-most-true-religion.html
15

The greatest thing that a person can do in understanding the scriptures and coming to the knowledge of the truth and that salvation is in the Catholic church is pray the rosary and many Hail Mary’s.

Ecclesiasticus 6:23-34 For the wisdom of doctrine is according to her name, and she is not manifest unto many, but with them to whom she is known, she continueth even to the sight of God. Give ear, my son, and take wise counsel, and cast not away my advice. Put thy feet into her fetters, and thy neck into her chains. Bow down thy shoulder, and bear her, and be not grieved with her bands. Come to her with all thy mind, and keep her ways with all thy power. Search for her, and she shall be made known to thee, and when thou hast gotten her, let her not go: 29 For in the latter end thou shalt find rest in her, and she shall be turned to thy joy. 30 Then shall her fetters be a strong defence for thee, and a firm foundation, and her chain a robe of glory: For in her is the beauty of life, and her bands are a healthful binding. Thou shalt put her on as a robe of glory, and thou shalt set her upon thee as a crown of joy. My son, if thou wilt attend to me, thou shalt learn: and if thou wilt apply thy mind, thou shalt be wise. If thou wilt incline thy ear, thou shalt receive instruction: and if thou love to hear, thou shalt be wise.

Ecclesiasticus 24:24-28 I am the mother of fair love, and of fear, and of knowledge, and of holy hope. In me is all grace of the way and of the truth, in me is all hope of life and of virtue. Come over to me, all ye that desire me, and be filled with my fruits. For my spirit is sweet above honey, and my inheritance above honey and the honeycomb. My memory is unto everlasting generations.

Pope St. Pius X Ad Diem Illum Laetissimum
13. …But Mary, as St. Bernard justly remarks, is the channel (Serm. de temp on the Nativ. B. V. De Aquaeductu n. 4); or, if you will, the connecting portion, the function of which is to join the body to the head and to transmit to the body the influences and volitions of the head — We mean the neck. Yes, says St. Bernardine of Sienna, “she is the neck of Our Head, by which He communicates to His mystical body all spiritual gifts” (Quadrag. de Evangel. aetern. Serm. x., a. 3, c. iii.).

14. …she is the supreme Minister of the distribution of graces. Jesus “sitteth on the right hand of the majesty on high” (Hebrews i. b.). Mary sitteth at the right hand of her Son — a refuge so secure and a help so trusty against all dangers that we have nothing to fear or to despair of under her guidance, her patronage, her protection. (Pius IX. in Bull Ineffabilis).

15. …and as the distributor, by right of her Motherhood, of the treasures of His merits,-she is, for all these reasons, a most sure and efficacious assistance to us for arriving at the knowledge and love of Jesus Christ. …Hapless are they who neglect Mary under pretext of the honor to be paid to Jesus Christ! As if the Child could be found elsewhere than with the Mother!

True Devotion to Mary by St. Louis De Montfort
36. When the Holy Ghost, her Spouse, has found Mary in a soul, He flies there. He enters there in His fulness; He communicates Himself to that soul abundantly, and to the full extent to which she makes room for her Spouse. Nay, one of the great reasons why the Holy Ghost does not now do startling wonders in our souls is because He does not find there a sufficiently great union with His faithful and indissoluble Spouse [Mary]. I say indissoluble Spouse, because since that Substantial Love of the Father and the Son has espoused Mary, in order to produce Jesus Christ, the Head of the elect, and Jesus Christ in the elect, He has never repudiated her, inasmuch as she has always been fruitful and faithful.